Mature power storage methods include

Existing mature energy storage technologies with large-scale applications primarily include pumped storage [10], electrochemical energy storage [11], and Compressed air energy storage (CAES) [12]. Currently, extensively researched HS methods include high-pressure gas storage, cryogenic liquid storage, and solid-state storage. LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES: This technology has reached a significant level of advancement and acceptance. While pumped hydroelectric systems once dominated, modern advancements now include lithium-ion batteries, flow batteries, thermal storage and green hydrogen production. They allow excess energy generated during periods of low demand or high renewable output to be stored and released when needed, thereby balancing supply and demand.